EVOLUTION OF INDIA’S NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICIES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF PAST AND PRESENT REFORMS

ABHISHEK LUNAYACH
Associate Professor, Engineering College Bharatpur, Village Shyorana, Near Sewar, Bharatpur

Co-Author 1

Dr. Vijay Khichar
Associate Professor, Engineering College Bharatpur, Village Shyorana, Near Sewar, Bharatpur
ABSTRACT Education in India has witnessed substantial changes over the years, transitioning from traditional teaching methods to a more skill-oriented framework. It now emphasizes not just the study of disciplines like history, economics, mathematics or science but also the development of practical skills that empower individuals to effectively utilize resources. A robust education system equips citizens with the knowledge and expertise needed to contribute meaningfully to national development. To advance this vision, India has recently introduced the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, marking a significant step in its educational evolution. An exploration of India's educational policies reveals the transformative reforms implemented over time, shaped by the efforts of various committees and commissions to improve educational standards. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of India's educational policies since its independence in 1947, with particular attention to the three landmark National Education Policies introduced in 1968, 1986, and 2020. It delves into key milestones, budgetary allocations, actual expenditures and the evolution of the education system, from primary schools to higher education institutions. The study also examines advancements in infrastructure, access to education and changes in student demographics across different eras. By comparing the objectives and outcomes of these policies, the paper highlights their collective impact on shaping the Indian education system. Focusing on the challenges addressed and solutions proposed by each policy, especially the NEP 2020, this research aims to provide a detailed understanding of the progress achieved and the ongoing challenges in India's educational landscape.

Highlights