INFRASTRUCTURE AND GROWTH_EVALUATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT Road transport infrastructure plays a pivotal role in shaping the economic landscape of any country by enhancing connectivity, facilitating trade, and promoting regional development. In India, the evolution of road networks since the economic reforms of 1991 has significantly contributed to the nation’s growth trajectory. This study examines the extensive expansion of India’s road transport infrastructure over the period 1991 to 2024, highlighting its impact on macroeconomic development, rural connectivity, and regional integration. Given the scale and diversity of India’s economy, understanding the relationship between road infrastructure and economic growth is crucial for framing effective public policies aimed at sustainable development. The primary objectives of this research are to analyze the historical development and current status of India’s road transport infrastructure, assess its contribution to economic growth and employment generation, examine regional disparities in infrastructure development, and identify the challenges and opportunities for future expansion. The study utilizes secondary data sourced from government reports, budget documents, and official statistics. Quantitative analysis, supported by descriptive statistics and trend evaluation, forms the core methodology, enabling a comprehensive understanding of infrastructure growth patterns and their socio-economic implications. The study also reviews policy frameworks and institutional mechanisms that have influenced road infrastructure development over the last three decades. The findings reveal that India’s strategic investments in road infrastructure, including flagship initiatives like the National Highways Development Project and Bharatmala Pariyojana, have substantially enhanced connectivity and contributed to economic growth. However, regional disparities persist, and challenges related to funding, maintenance, and environmental sustainability remain. The study concludes that while road transport infrastructure has been a catalyst for growth, an integrated approach combining technological innovation, environmental stewardship, and inclusive policy measures is essential to maximize future benefits. As aptly stated by the Indian economist Amartya Sen, “Infrastructure is not merely an economic necessity; it is a social good that underpins development and equality.” Key words: Road, Infrastructure, Development, India, Rural, Urban, Economy.